History of 1 seed vs. 16 seed in March Madness

No. 1 seeds have historically dominated No. 16 seeds since the NCAA tournament expanded its field in 1985.

UMBC became the first No. 16 seed ever to upset a No. 1 seed in 2018, when the Retrievers defeated Virginia and became an overnight sensation. In 2023, FDU became just the second No. 16 seed to knock off a No. 1, shocking Purdue.

Here's everything you need to know about 16 seeds vs. 1 seeds in March Madness.

History of 16 vs. 1 seeds in March Madness

• Top seeds own a 154-2 all-time record against 16 seeds. FDU vs. Purdue in 2023 was only the second time the upset has happened. That means 16 seeds have a 1.28 winning percentage against 1 seeds in the NCAA tournament.
• No game had been decided by one possession since 1996 (Purdue beat Western Carolina, 73-71).
• The highest scoring matchup took place in 1987, UNC’s 113-82 win over Penn.
• The lowest score in a 1 vs. 16 game is 99 points, which has happened twice — Georgetown’s 50-49 win over Princeton in 1989, and UCLA’s 70-29 win over Mississippi Valley State in 2008.
• The biggest blowout in the matchup's history was in 1998, when Kansas bullied Prairie View A&M for a 110-52 win.

The times a 16 almost beat a 1

A 16 seed has come within one point of a top seed twice. They were both in the 1989 NCAA tournament. Georgetown beat Princeton by a score of 50-49:

The second time was when Oklahoma outlasted ETSU, 72-71. ETSU led by 17 at one point, but OU stormed back:

That must have been a wake-up call for the Sooners, because they beat No. 9 seed Louisiana Tech by 43 points in the next round.

The next year, Murray State took Michigan State to overtime, but ultimately lost 75-71. The last time a 16 seed lost to a 1 seed by single digits was in 2014, when Arizona defeated Weber State 68-59.

The times it actually happened

In 2023, the matchup between No. 1 seed Purdue and No. 16 FDU looked like all but a certainty. More than 97% of brackets picked the Boilermakers to advance. After all, it was a matchup of the tallest team in the tournament — with Purdue led by the 7-foot-4 Zach Edey — and the shortest team in the field in FDU.

The Knights held their own, nursing a narrow lead for much of the game. The plan was not to stop the towering Edey as much as it was to nullify the rest of the Purdue offense. FDU did just that, forcing several errant shots and limiting the Boilermakers to just 36% shooting from the field in the 63-58 win.

(16) FDU UPSETS (1) PURDUE 😱😱😱

MARCH. KEEPS. ON. GIVING.

— NCAA March Madness (@MarchMadnessMBB)

Going into 2018, it always felt like the first 16-over-1 upset would be close. Well, that wasn't the case. UMBC beat Virginia 74-54 and was in control for most of the game.

UMBC would go on to lose to Kansas State by a score of 50-43 in the next round. Regardless, that Retrievers team will be remembered forever.

How much more likely is a 15-2 upset than a 16-1 upset?

Five and a half times more likely. No. 15 seeds have upset 2 seeds 11 times, including a run of three seasons in a row from 2021 through 2023. Here are all of the times it's happened:

There have been 23 14-seed over 3-seed upsets, too. Clearly, the 16-1 is the most scarce, and by a significant amount.